Journeys With Penguins: Monitoring the World’s Most Excessive Penguin is a unique kind of penguin guide. Writer Gerald L. Kooyman (co-author with Jim Mastro) spent many years finding out Emperor Penguins and will be thought of the world’s foremost skilled on the species. Journeys with Penguins is the story of how he got here to analysis Emperor Penguins, how he devised strategies to measure and observe these unbelievable creatures, about whom little was recognized due to their habitat within the coldest, darkest, most inaccessible areas of Antarctica, the expertise of residing on the ice of the Ross Sea, and what he and his staff came upon. It’s half memoir, half travelogue, half scientific narrative, half prologue to creating an argument for Antarctic conservation. It’s all concerning the unbelievable intersection of human beings and Emperor Penguins, and if I can’t make it to an Emperor Penguin colony (extremely unlikely), studying this guide has been the following smartest thing.
Empire Penguins (Aptenodytes forsteri) are the most important residing penguin species, nearly 4 toes tall (taller after they stretch), and the least more likely to be seen on birding or nature journeys. They breed in colonies scattered across the Antarctic continent (the quantity ranges from 60 to 70, and as Kooyman factors out, the colonies can drastically change in measurement from 12 months to 12 months) on the ice (and one of many issues I discovered from this guide is what number of completely different sorts of ice there’s within the Antarctic) within the darkest months of winter. As we all know from the French documentary La Marche de l’Empereur (March of the Penguins), the females skedaddle from the breeding colony as soon as she produces an egg, leaving the egg to be incubated by the males, who quick for 120 days whereas preserving the egg in a flap of their toes. (I used to be shocked to search out out that the Penguins studied by Kooyman on the Ross Sea don’t have any have to do a march since they breed so near the water.) Certainly, most of what we knew about Emperor Penguins earlier than Kooyman’s analysis expeditions was about their breeding conduct and physiology. Kooyman needed to know what they did the remainder of the 12 months.
He begins the guide together with his first in-person assembly with three Emperor Penguins, October 1961, at Cape Royds on the western aspect of Ross Island in -30-degree C temperatures: “Three wonderful creatures blasted by the skinny ice not distant and started sliding of their bellies towards me….Watching them, I believed if I froze to demise earlier than the day was over, I’d cross the veil a contented man” (p.2). Kooyman was there to work at McMurdo Station (a big American analysis station that we hear about all through the guide) as technical assistant on a science mission involving fish. He leaves enchanted by two mammals, the Emperor Penguin and the Weddell Seal, the one mammals who completely reside their entire lives, year-round, within the Antarctic. It’s the seal that he first research, for his PhD and succeeding tasks, and it isn’t until 20 years or so later, within the 1980’s, that he comes again to penguins, primarily the Emperor Penguins of the Ross Sea.
“The bathymetry of the Ross Sea,” © 2023 by Gerald L. Kooyman and Jim Mastro
The guide is split into two sections. Chapters 1 by 5 are the journey chapters, tales of how Kooyman began his penguin analysis, particulars of his first forays in figuring out which penguin colony to check, then establishing a analysis camp on the ice in a spot no researcher had gone earlier than, Cape Washington. It wasn’t simple, he wanted to determine transportation; devise methods to check penguin conduct, reside with teammates who should not at all times suitable (however who generally have been, like when his son was a part of the staff); negotiate with directors, pilots, and funding companies (fortunately, there isn’t plenty of the latter within the guide, although I’m positive Kooyman did sufficient that he turned an skilled). There was the discomfort of residing within the bitter chilly and darkish, generally with out correct clothes or tools, particularly within the early years; harrowing encounters with one of many space’s main predators, Leopard Seals; and a extra insidious menace, melting ice. The narrative continues by 1989, the highlights being Kooyman’s early analysis missions at Cape Washington in 1986 and 1989,
The subsequent six chapters concentrate on the science of the lifetime of the Emperor Penguin, folding in Kooyman’s successive travels to Antarctica over the following three many years (his bio says he has been there 50 occasions): expeditions at Cape Washington, diving experiments on the “Penguin Ranch” at McMurdo Station, and Antarctic analysis journeys on ships and icebreakers. He brings in findings from scientific endeavors carried out by different Antarctic researchers, making these chapters an enticing textbook on the present state of analysis on Empire Penguins. 4 chapters are organized by the actions of the Empire Penguin: commuter journey (going out to feed and bringing meals again to chicks), fledging journey, pre-molt journey, post-molt journey. Every part poses Kooyman’s analysis questions after which explains how he and his staff went about attempting to reply them, monitoring journeys out to sea with (then) new expertise of satellite tv for pc transmitters, making sense of the information obtained, studying to simply accept the bounds of what they may be taught (nonetheless plenty of answered questions on the market, such because the winter foraging conduct of females from the Ross Sea colonies).
The subsequent chapter is probably the most scientifically oriented of the guide, asking “How Do They Do It?,” how do Empire Penguins reside their lives of extremes–excessive chilly, excessive darkness, excessive dives. As a result of, as Kooyman proved together with his self-devised time/depth recorders and dive circle analysis on the ice, Empire Penguins are unbelievable divers, recorded diving right down to over 500 meters on a single breadth. It’s all about feathers, very dense feathers and really particular sorts of feathers, and a fancy interaction of organic elements involving oxygen, cardio and anaerobic metabolism, and lactate. I’m nonetheless fighting understanding the latter, however that’s not Kooyman and Mastro’s fault. They’re wonderful science writers, patiently explaining the physiological processes concerned in deep diving in penguins, seals, and human. It’s a advanced matter and I used to be relieved to get on to what is among the most entertaining sections of the guide, the chapter on Emperor Penguins and their primary predator, the Leopard Seal. Leopard Seals are generally described as apex predators, they’ve big jaws full of sharp enamel, and Kooyman has already described earlier within the guide an incident the place he’s stalked by a Leopard Seal on breaking ice, rescued within the proverbial nick of time by one among his teammates. The tales within the chapter “Predator as Prey” should not as dramatic, however they’re compelling and even enjoyable, particularly when Kooyman is ready to get hold of a “seal exclusion cage” that they use to look at penguin/seal interplay underwater. Movies illustrating among the motion seen from the “SEC” will be discovered on a particular web page on the College of Chicago Press web site, linking to 14 examples of penguin and different Antarctic mammal conduct. 
Little movie clipboards within the textual content point out the supply of those video clips. A few of them are fairly good, and total it’s an incredible addition to the guide’s images and different illustrations. I solely hope that the writer maintains the web site; I’ve seen comparable elaborations which have gone lacking after a few years.
Journeys With Emperors is illustrated with black-and-white illustrations embedded within the textual content, numbered as figures, and 24 shade images in a 12-page insert, numbered as plates. The black-and-white illustrations embrace panorama pictures taken aerially and by satellite tv for pc, scientific charts (comparable to depths of deep dives by Emperor Penguins), and images of seals, penguins, and expedition groups. The latter, taken by Kooyman, co-author Mastro, and different members of the groups, have an genuine, selfmade high quality, and properly complement the expedition narratives (I at all times wish to see what the individuals within the story appear like). The colour images, all however one by Kooyman give some thought of the beautiful, other-worldly fantastic thing about Antarctica and its dignified denizens, some rivaling the pictures of Otto Plantema (Across the World for Penguins, 2020) and Tui De Roy (Penguins, the Final Information, with Mark Jones and Julie Cornthwaite, 2022), although the smaller dimensions reduce the affect. There may be one, plate 12, an extended shot exhibiting a distant line of Emperors plunging off a so-meter excessive iceberg, 5 birds flailing within the air, the ready birds of their black-and-white plumage standing straight up, equidistance from one another, the background sky a cobalt blue streaked with white clouds, the ocean beneath a deeper, extra intense blue–I’d like to have it on my wall. Extra importantly, lots of the illustrations, figures and plates, are built-in into the textual content, known as examples of conduct or illustrating scientific factors.
Equally, the papers, stories, and journal articles cited in every chapter are listed within the 10-page Annotated Bibliography. And it truly is annotated! Virtually each quotation is accompanied by notes on the paper’s contribution to the literature of Antarctic marine mammals, notably Empire Penguins, full with the authors’ evaluative opinions and even occasional remarks on the problem of acquiring sure papers. As a librarian, I actually appreciated the notation on the primary report on breeding conduct of the Emperor Penguin by Bernard Stonehouse: “Good luck discovering this report in any however probably the most complete libraries” (p. 171). The topic index can also be very helpful, referencing species, individuals, locations, and scientific matters.
I’m curious concerning the function performed by co-author Jim Mastro. The guide is clearly narrated in Jerry Kooyman’s voice. Kooyman is presently professor emeritus and analysis physiologist within the Middle for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine at Scripps Establishment of Oceanography, College of California, San Diego and has 124 scientific papers listed on his educational web site (most co-authored, as is the tutorial means). Mastro has a various work historical past that features doing work within the Antarctic as a laboratory supervisor, analysis assistant, and scientific diving coordinator; technical modifying for the US Antarctic Program; writing a memoir about residing within the Antarctic (Antarctica: A Yr on the Backside of the World, 2002), co-authoring Beneath Antarctic Ice: The Images of Norbert Wu, and writing science fiction novels for center graders. My guess is that Mastro labored with Kooyman within the writing and group of this guide, together with options just like the boxed-off textual content that explains scientific phrases and ideas. However that is guesswork and I’d actually admire extra info on his contributions.
Journeys With Emperors: Monitoring the World’s Most Excessive Penguin is an intriguing addition to the big variety of books on the market about penguins, one among our most charismatic species. Not like stunning photographic excursions of penguin colonies all over the world (see above titles) or a memoir of time spent with penguins (My Penguin Yr: Residing with the Emperors, by Lindsay McCrae, 2022), Journeys With Emperors takes us behind the scenes of pioneering scientific expeditions after which follows up with the scientific ends in readable, layman’s language. The bifurcated group works because of using a single authoritative narrative voice, a cautious association of scientific particulars, and a way of marvel that infuses each chapter, whether or not it’s about climbing over a glacier or the advantages of anaerobic metabolisms. It’s a really pleasant guide to learn. It additionally offers perception into the scientific means of birds and their habitat, and the private prices and rewards of a life dedicated to scientific obsession.
In his remaining chapter, “Local weather, Conservation, and Consumption,” Kooyman paints a fancy image of the results of local weather change and habitat destruction on the Empire Penguin colonies of the Ross Sea. One of many good issues that has occurred is a world treaty that has established the Ross Sea Marine Protected Areas, encompassing all of the Ross Sea Emperor Penguin colonies and most of their molt space. Three colonies are off-limits to everybody except you will have a “compelling scientific cause.” Effectively, apparently tourism, even birding excursions, don’t meet that criterion, which is why I’ll most likely by no means see an Emperor Penguin. And which may be o.okay.
Journeys With Emperors: Monitoring the World’s Most Excessive Penguin
by Gerald L. Kooyman and Jim Mastro, with a Foreword by Jessica Ulrika Meir
College of Chicago Press, Nov. 2023, 256 pp.
ISBN-10 : 0226824381; ISBN-13 : 978-0226824383
hardcover: $32.50, additionally obtainable in digital codecs