I Know Dino Podcast Present Notes: Lambeosaurus (Episode 148)

Episode 148 is all about Lambeosaurus, a hadrosaurid with a “hatchet blade” crest.

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On this episode, we talk about:

Information:

• Abstracts from talks and posters we lined on this week’s podcast from day three of SVP 2017 may be discovered right here
• Denver Fowler, Liz Freedman-Fowler, and 4 volunteers introduced 38 jacketed fossils to the Dickinson Museum Middle in North Dakota
• Mike Getty, the chief fossil preparator on the Denver Museum of Nature and Science, handed away after turning into in poor health on a Triceratops excavation
• A brand new (possible ankylosaur) dinosaur trackway has been discovered at a coal mine close to Chetwynd, British Columbia, in Canada
• In Fruita, Colorado, Dinosaur Journey has a brand new 70 million 12 months outdated hadrosaur leg bone and is fundraising for a 4×4 truck for future excavations
• Tickets can be obtainable for Dippy the dinosaur in Dorset beginning October 1
• a brand new exhibit on the Anchorage Museum in Alaska known as “Cruisin’ the Fossil Shoreline” can be on show till Sept 1, 2018
• To have a good time the NFL season, the Chicago Subject Museum’s 75-foot Brachiosaurus duplicate was carrying an enormous Bears No. 34 Walter Payton jersey
• Researchers at Ohio College have found between 5-10 new species of animals this 12 months, and shared ideas on how one can discover fossils
• The Denver Museum of Nature and Science is searching for volunteers for his or her Prehistoric Journey exhibit
• The PLOS Paleo neighborhood is searching for a contract paleo science author and somebody within the Washington D.C. for Nationwide Fossil Day (Oct 11)
• Fundacion para el estudio de los Dinosaurios en Castilla y Leon is working a global contest of dinosaur scientific illustrations till Nov 5
• Victoria Arbour shared concerning the Prehistoric Park on the Calgary Zoo which reveals dinosaurs and evolution
• The Phoenix Zoo in Arizona will quickly have “Dinosaurs within the Desert” which is able to exhibit animatronic dinosaurs painted like native desert animals
• Dinosaur World’s 40 ft tall fiberglass T.rex stood tall even after Hurricane Irma hit, together with their different 150+ sculptures
• A younger boy was handled to some dinosaur toys by a benevolent stranger who had simply misplaced a younger grandson
• A sculptor and marching band director created a 7ft tall 18ft lengthy dinosaur sculpture from damaged brass devices
• The mom of a nervous kindergartner dressed up in an inflatable T. rex costume to cheer up her daughter
• Somebody in Canada wore an inflatable T. rex costume whereas utilizing a flyboard (these water-jet boots) in a lake
• Magic: The Gathering’s subsequent set goes to function dinosaurs together with a “Brontodon,” “Looming Altisaur,” and pirates
• The dinosaur crust cutter known as the DynoBytes sandwich crust cutter turns sandwiches into mini sauropods
• Animal Planet is promoting a Triceratops canine costume

The dinosaur of the day: Lambeosaurus

• Hadrosaurid that lived within the Late Cretaceous in what’s now North America
• Title means “Lambe’s lizard” (named in honor of Lawrence Lambe)
• Described in 1923 by William Parks
• However Lawrence Lambe spent 20 years finding out the primary materials
• A number of species have been named (from Alberta, Canada, Montana, U.S., and Baja California, Mexico) however solely two Canadian species are thought of legitimate
• Has an extended historical past…
• At one level there have been seven species of Lambeosaurus. A few of them have been decided to be totally different sexes of already named hadrosaur genera
• Lawrence Lambe described the primary Lambeosaurus fossils in 1902 (submit cranial skeleton, no cranium), however he assigned them to Trachodon marginatus (Trachodon is a doubtful genus). Then in 1914, he described two new skulls that he thought must be Trachodon marginatus, however since Trachodon was doubtful he created a brand new genus, Stephanosaurus. The skulls got here from across the similar space because the Trachodon marginatus fossils, so it means they may all be the identical kind of dinosaur, but it surely’s not for sure. Due to this, in 1923 William Parks redescribed the Stephanosaurus skulls as Lambeosaurus, and named them in honor of Lawrence Lambe, who had died in 1919
• Numerous fossils that have been initially categorized as different dinosaurs have now been decided to be Lambeosaurus. In 1902, Henry Fairfield Osborn named Didanodon altidens, primarily based on a partial left jaw. Lawrence Lambe reclassified it as Trachodon altidens.
• In 1917 Lawrence Lambe named a brand new dinosaur Cheneosaurus, which grew to become the sort genus of the group Cheneosaurinae (group of dinosaurs that regarded like hadrosaurs, however have been smaller)
• In 1920 William Diller Matthew named a brand new dinosaur Procheneosaurus, primarily based on {a photograph} of a skeleton. Later William Parks described Tetragonosaurus from fossils present in Dinosaur Park Formation, and included fossils from Procheneosaurus into the sort species, Tetragonosaurus praeceps. Two different species have been added to Tetragonosaurus: erectofrons and cranibrevis
• Then in 1942 Richard Swann Lull and Nelda Wright did a research about all these dinosaurs, and stated that every one Tetragonosaurus must be Procheneosaurus, and that Trachodon altidens may be Tetragonosaurus. Lull received approval from the ICZN to make use of the title Tetragonosaurus as an alternative of Procheneosaurus
• Charles Marsh named a genus, Hadrosaurus paucidens, primarily based on a partial maxilla and squamosal from the Judith River Formation in Montana. In 1964 John Ostrom stated it was in all probability a Lambeosaurus
• Solely submit cranial stays have been discovered of Lambeosaurus paucidens, so it’s not clear if it’s a Lambeosaurus
• In 1975 Peter Dodson discovered that Cheneosaurinae (which included Procheneosaurus) have been really juveniles of bigger hadrosaurs, and that the sort specimen of Procheneosaurus was really a juvenile Lambeosaurus (the others have been juvenile Corythosaurus). He discovered this by measuring dozens of skulls and interpreted the variations as being juvenile or male or feminine
• Curiously, Procheneosaurus was named earlier than Lambeosaurus, and normally the older title is the one which sticks (however not on this case)
• Invoice Morris named Lambeosaurus laticaudus (with a query mark) within the Seventies. They have been lambeosaurine stays in Baja California, however no full crest was discovered, so it’s not recognized for positive if it’s a Lambeosaurus (he primarily based it on the elements of the cranium that have been discovered). In 2012 it was assigned to a brand new genus, Magnapaulia
• Now there are two legitimate species: Lambeosaurus lambei (kind species) and Lambeosaurus magnicristatus
• Lambeosaurus lambei and Lambeosaurus magnicristatus have been from the Dinosaur Park Formation (although they lived at barely totally different occasions)
• A part of the household Lambeosaurine, the subfamily of hadrosaurids with hole crests
• Carefully associated to Corythosaurus, Hypacrosaurus, Olorotitan (all very related however have barely totally different crests)
• Lambeosaurus crest was shifted ahead, and hole nasal passages have been within the entrance of the crest and stacked vertically
• Crest was totally different in every species of Lambeosaurus
• Lambeosaurus lambei had a crest that was hatchet-like in form in adults, and shorted and extra rounded in specimens considered females
• The “hatchet blade” is in entrance of the eyes, and had two sections (an higher portion, of a skinny bony “coxcomb” that developed proper earlier than maturity, and a decrease portion that had hole areas that have been a part of the nasal passages). Additionally had a “deal with” that was a strong bony rod that went over the again of the cranium
• In Lambeosaurus magnicristatus, the “deal with” was smaller and the “blade” was bigger (although this crest is broken in probably the most full specimen, and solely the entrance half is left)
• There are a number of theories about what the crest was used for: one is it was like a snorkel or air chamber so Lambeosaurus might preserve its head underwater for lengthy durations of time (however that may imply it was usually in water, and doesn’t clarify why Lambeosaurus crest seems totally different from different lambeosaurines), one other is it saved salt glands, however salt glands are normally in animals that reside in saltwater ecosystems (although areas the place Lambeosaurus have been discovered have been close to the Western Inside Sea, which was salt water) and in 1979 Jack Horner described what seems like a Lambeosaurus magnicristatus jaw from marine sediment, although this doesn’t clarify why different hadrosaurs have been in several ecosystems (not simply saltwater) and it doesn’t clarify why the crest seems totally different between Lambeosaurus species
• One other principle is that crests have been used for show, so they may inform their species aside, and as an indication of maturity, since adults had extra developed crests (additionally specimens scientists suppose are females have extra rounded crests than males)
• The crest may have been used to create sounds (in all probability hottest principle now)
• Dodson advised that Lambeosaurus had sexual dimorphism, primarily based on their crests
• Nonetheless, David Evans and Robert Reisz re-examined the skulls Dodson had checked out, and advised that it was too small of a pattern measurement and there was an incomplete fossil for Lambeosaurus magnicristatus. Dodson had checked out solely two people of Lambeosaurus magnicristatus, and located that considered one of them had a bigger crest (and primarily based on that, advised there was sexual dimorphism). However Evans and Reisz discovered that the feminine crest was damaged, and that’s the one purpose it appeared smaller, and if it weren’t damaged, they might have regarded the identical
• Different paleontologists, equivalent to James Hopson, advised that Lambeosaurus lambei have been females and Lambeosaurus magnicristatus have been males (however the species weren’t discovered on the similar stratigraphic degree)
• Lambeosaurus was each bipedal and quadrupedal
• Had 4 digits on every hand, and the second, third, and fourth digits have been collectively and bore hooves (so might go on all fours for help)
• Final digit on the hand was free, and might be used to assist with grip or steadiness
• Had three digits on every foot
• As a result of it was each bipedal and quadrupedal, Lambeosaurus might eat low to reasonably excessive rising vegetation
• Lambeosaurus had a slim entrance of the mouth, which can imply it was a choosy eater
• Had batteries in the back of the mouth with over 100 tooth to grind plant matter
• About 31 ft (9.4 m) lengthy
• Some scale impressions have been discovered
• Discovered polygonal scutes on the neck torso and tail (on Lambeosaurus lambei) and on the neck, forelimb, and foot (on Lambeosaurus magnicristatus)
• Had an extended, stiff tail, with ossified tendons
• Had giant eye sockets and sclerotic rings, which implies it in all probability had good imaginative and prescient and was diurnal
• Additionally had a robust sense of listening to (primarily based on Corythosaurus, an in depth relative, having a slendar stapes (reptilian ear bone) and enormous area for an eardrum
• Lived close to rivers and floodplains, with moist and dry seasons
• Different animals that lived across the similar time and place as Lambeosaurus embrace Corythosaurus (although Corythosaurus might have lived sooner than Lambeosaurus, and Lambeosaurus might have even changed Corythosaurus), Chasmosaurus and Centrosaurus (ceratopsians), Edmontonia (nodosaur), Euoplocephalus (ankylosaur), in addition to the tyrannosaurs Albertosaurus and Daspletosaurus

Enjoyable Reality:

Pangaea would have induced very totally different climate throughout the continents than we see right now. The seashores in Brazil would have been (roughly) linked to Cote d’Ivoire, Ghana, Nigeria, and all the way in which right down to about Angola on west facet of Africa. Argentina and Uruguay have been up towards Namibia, South Africa & a little bit of Antarctica. The curve of North America from Newfoundland to Florida would have blocked off the remainder of West Africa.

• There was no Caribbean Sea
• Climate would have been far more erratic, just like the Midwest within the US, which doesn’t profit from oceans conserving temperatures extra constant
• There have been possible some big desserts on Pangaea

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