Episode 55 is all about Elaphrosaurus, a small theropod whose title means “mild weight lizard.”
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On this episode, we focus on:
- The dinosaur of the day: Elaphrosaurus
- Title means “mild weight lizard”
- Ceratosaur theropod, additionally within the Averostra group
- Lived in Jurassic in Tanzania, Africa
- Described and named by Werner Janensch in 1920
- Kind species is Elaphrosaurus bambergi
- Principally recognized from one almost full skeleton (no cranium)
- Kind specimen Elaphrosaurus bambergi was present in 1910 by Werner Janensch, I. Salim, H. Reck, and Parkinson (now within the Humboldt Museum in Berlin, Germany)
- First labeled as a coelurid (wastebasket taxon for small theropods on the time). Put within the Ornithomimidae household in 1928 by Nopcsa on account of mild body. Limbs look much like Coelophysis, and in 1990 Barsbold, Maryanska and Osmolska labeled it as ornithomimid. Carrano and Sampson in 2008 and Carrano et. al in 2012 research assigned it to the genus Ceratosauria (Limusaurus it now thought of to be the closest relative)
- Some fossils discovered over time considered Elaphrosaurus, however now thought of doubtful.
- Consists of Elaphrosaurus iguidiensis (described by Lapparent in 1960), with fossils collected from Algeria, Libya, and Niger (greater than 40 enamel, caudal vertebrae, and a whole tibia), however got here from three totally different localities and usually are not the identical species
- Additionally Elaphrosaurus gautieri (described by Lapparent in 1960), present in Niger and consisted of a whole neck vertebrae, however now renamed Spinostopheus gautieri by Sereon et. al in 2004
Elaphrosaurus philtippettensis (named in 1995 after Phil Tippett, visible results supervisor who labored on Jurassic Park) has a tibia, humerus, some metatarsals, however Carpenter et al. in 2005 mentioned they had been in all probability not certosaurian and extra possible Tanycolagreus (coelurid theropod) - Elaphrosaurus agilis, described in 1972 by Dale Russel (based mostly on pubic bones Charles Marsh had named Coelurus agilis, which he thought was a bigger model of the kind species Coelurus fragilis.
- However in 1980 John Ostrom confirmed Charles Gilmore’s notion that C. agilis was synonymous with C. fragilis, so Elaphrosaurus agilis is similar as C. fragilis
- Elaphorsaurus was medium sized (as much as 20 ft, 6.2 m lengthy) and bipedal
- 5 ft (1.46 m) at hip, weighed about 463 lbs (210 kg)
- Lengthy, skinny neck, and stiff tail
- Lengthy trunk, however shallow chest (in comparison with different theropods equally sized)
- Brief hindlimbs (legs), in comparison with its lengthy trunk
- Tibia (shin bone) longer than femur (thigh bone), so in all probability a quick runner
- 3 toed toes
- Brief, skinny arms with 3 fingers on arms
- Dinosaurs in the identical time and place: sauropods Giraffatitan, Australodocus, Tornieria and Dicraeosaurus, theropods, carcharodontosaurid Veterupristisaurus, stegosaurid Kentrosaurus, iguanodontian Dysalotosaurus. Different animals included pterosaurs and early mammals.
- Elaphrosaurus was too small to hunt sauropods and stegosaurs and possibly went after smaller herbivores
- Along with Africa, Elaphrosaurus could have additionally been discovered within the Morrison Formation within the U.S.
- However small theropod fossils within the Morrison Formation are comparatively uncommon (by way of having not been discovered but)
- In 2001, Chure referred to the suitable tibia of a small theropod in Backyard Park, CO as Elaphrosaurus (however there was debate; in 2008 Carrano and Sampson prompt it was nearer to Tendaguru than Elaphrosaurus
- Elaphrosaurus and different dinosaurs discovered within the Tendaguru had been mounted within the museum in Berlin after WWI, even with the financial droop, riots, and strikes. Elaphrosaurus was the second dinosaur mounted (in 1926, after Kentrosaurus in 1924), the third was Dicraeosaurus in 1930-1)
- Averostra (title means “hen snouts) is a clad that features most theropods which have a promaxillary fenestra (an extra opening within the entrance of the maxilla)
- Gregory S. Paul named Averostra in 2002, although Martin Excurra and Gilles Curry redefined it in 2007
- Ceratosaurs are theropods with extra in widespread with Ceratosaurus than with birds (no agreed upon itemizing of traits)
- Newest principle is it contains theropods from the late Jurassic to late Cretaceous
- Enjoyable Truth: Richard Owen spent quite a lot of time researching mammals, and in 1834, the London Zoological Society bought a male Indian Rhinoceros, at his request. Then 15 years later when the rhinoceros died, he apparently introduced it residence to dissect it, and his spouse found it of their entrance corridor when she received residence.